This handbook has been developed to help fill the gaps in knowledge about Access Benefit Sharing (ABS) and the related processes, and provide a clarity on the concept of ABS. It will promote basic understanding about the legal and institutional mechanisms for ABS in India, and generate awareness about ABS related obligations associated with bioscience research. The aim of this handbook is to help address the needs of all the stakeholders in the development and implementation of the ABS process in India under the Biological Diversity Act, 2002.